Every November, Delhi transforms into a smoggy haze, with its air quality plunging to alarmingly poor levels. If you're a Delhiite, you probably have a love-hate relationship with the city this time of year. With the Air Quality Index (AQI) inching towards the dreaded "severe plus" levels, stepping outside feels like entering a smoke chamber. 

On Monday, November 18, the AQI touched an alarming 494, dangerously close to hazardous levels, as per the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). PM2.5 levels surged to 354 µg/m³—more than 20 times the WHO's standard—while PM10 levels were 12 times the safe limit. If you're in Delhi or nearby cities like Gurgaon or Noida, you're likely wondering: how can we stay safe? This guide will tell you everything you need to know!

What Is Causing Rising Air Pollution Levels in Delhi?

Delhi’s air pollution crisis is the result of a variety of factors that worsen during the winter months. While pollution is a year-round concern, certain seasonal contributors make the situation unbearable between October and December.

1. Vehicular Emissions: With over 11 million registered vehicles and an annual growth rate of 9.7%, vehicular pollution is one of the biggest culprits. Cars, trucks, and two-wheelers contribute a staggering 40% of Delhi’s air pollution, releasing harmful gases like nitrogen oxides and particulate matter into the atmosphere.
2. Stubble Burning: Each year, agricultural stubble burning in neighboring states like Punjab and Haryana contributes significantly to Delhi’s smog. Farmers burn crop residues to prepare fields for the next planting season, releasing enormous amounts of PM2.5 and PM10 into the air. This, combined with Delhi’s geographical location, traps pollutants in the city.
3. Construction Activities: Construction dust adds another layer to the crisis. Despite bans during high-pollution periods, poor regulation and enforcement often allow these activities to continue, releasing large quantities of particulate matter into the air.
4. Industrial Emissions: Factories and industrial units in and around the NCR emit pollutants, including sulfur dioxide and fine particulate matter. Unregulated operations and outdated technology make them a significant contributor.
5. Festive Fireworks: While efforts to curb Diwali fireworks are in place, they still contribute to short-term spikes in air pollution levels.

10 Tips to Survive Delhi’s Air Pollution

Here’s a friendly guide to help you and your loved ones tackle the city's toxic air without losing your mind.

1. Mask Up, the Right Way

Not all masks are created equal. When the average PM2.5 level is 354 micrograms per cubic meter—20 times above WHO’s recommended standard—it’s time to say goodbye to those flimsy cloth masks. Opt for N95 or N99 masks, which filter out up to 99% of fine particulate matter. If you're outdoors often, invest in a reusable mask with changeable filters.

Pro Tip: Change your mask filters regularly. Clogged filters can make breathing harder and reduce effectiveness.

2. Purify Your Indoors

Given that the Delhi government recently announced a work-from-home mode for 50% of its employees, chances are you’ll be spending more time indoors. But are your four walls as safe as you think? Indoor air can be up to five times more polluted than outdoor air. Invest in a good air purifier with a HEPA filter to tackle particulate matter.

Quick checklist for home air quality:

• Seal gaps in windows and doors to prevent outdoor air infiltration.
• Add indoor plants like peace lilies and snake plants—they can reduce certain toxins.
• Use a humidifier if the air feels dry, but don’t overdo it; too much moisture can encourage mold.

3. Avoid Peak Traffic Hours

Let’s face it, Delhi’s traffic and pollution go hand in hand. The Centre for Science and Environment reported that vehicles contribute 26% of the city's air pollution. Gurgaon, which recorded an AQI of 402 recently, highlights how vehicular emissions worsen the crisis, especially with vehicle registrations growing at nearly 10% annually.

If you must venture out, avoid peak traffic hours when emissions are at their highest. Better yet, carpool, take public transport, or—if your route allows—bike to your destination. Every small step can make a big difference

4. Mind Your Food Choices

What you eat can strengthen your body’s defense mechanisms. Pollution doesn’t just affect your lungs; it compromises your immunity. Add antioxidant-rich foods like spinach, berries, and nuts to your diet. Citrus fruits like oranges and lemons are excellent for boosting Vitamin C levels, which help combat inflammation caused by pollutants.

Kitchen hacks for detox:

• Drink turmeric milk (haldi doodh) for its anti-inflammatory benefits.
• Brew ginger and tulsi tea—it’s a natural way to ease respiratory discomfort.
• Include omega-3-rich foods like walnuts and flaxseeds for added protection.

5. Know When to Exercise

Exercising is essential, but when the AQI hits hazardous levels, outdoor workouts can do more harm than good. Delhi's AQI is notoriously unpredictable, so check real-time updates before stepping out. Apps like AQI India or websites from the CPCB can be lifesavers.

If the air quality is poor (but not severe), opt for light exercises and avoid peak pollution hours (usually mornings). On severe days, switch to indoor workouts like yoga or pilates. YouTube has an endless supply of guided sessions to keep you moving without stepping out.

6. Use Public Transport

Public transport isn’t just eco-friendly; it can shield you from spending too much time outdoors. The Delhi Metro is an excellent alternative, offering cleaner and quicker travel. If driving is unavoidable, consider switching to an electric or hybrid vehicle. While the upfront cost might seem steep, it’s an investment in both the environment and your health.

7. Hydrate

The simplest yet most underrated tip: drink water. Pollution leads to dehydration and makes your body work overtime to flush out toxins. Water, along with herbal teas and fresh juices, can help detoxify your system. Aim for at least 8–10 glasses a day and avoid sugary drinks, which can add to inflammation.

8. Keep Your Home Smoke-Free

With AQI levels spiking, adding any form of smoke—be it from cigarettes, incense, or candles—can exacerbate indoor pollution. Stick to non-scented candles or LED alternatives to set the mood without compromising air quality. If you’re a smoker, consider this the perfect motivation to quit—not just for yourself but for everyone sharing your space.

9. Take Collective Action

Individual steps are crucial, but they must be paired with systemic change. The government has taken steps like banning construction activities and implementing work-from-home for half its employees. However, policies are only as effective as their enforcement.

Speak up about pollution control measures in your community:

• Support initiatives like car-free zones or odd-even vehicle policies.
• Encourage local businesses to adopt green practices.
• Educate friends and family about the importance of sustainable living.

Remember, the air we breathe is a shared resource, and collective action can amplify change.

10. Be Prepared for the Long Haul

While stronger winds brought some relief to Gurgaon on Tuesday, reducing its AQI from 469 to 402, we can’t rely on nature alone. Effective long-term solutions require urban planning, emission controls, and investment in renewable energy. Until then, survival means staying informed and proactive.

A Regional Perspective: How Are Neighboring Cities Coping?

Delhi’s pollution often extends its grip to nearby cities like Gurgaon, Noida, and Faridabad. Gurgaon’s AQI remained in the ‘severe’ range for two consecutive days, with one area hitting 494 due to stagnant conditions and increasing emissions. In Noida and Faridabad, AQIs slightly improved but still hovered in the ‘very poor’ range, at 370 and 320, respectively.

To curb emissions, authorities have pushed for tighter regulations on vehicles and construction activities. However, the results will take time, urging residents to stay cautious and proactive.

Final Thoughts

Delhi’s pollution crisis is a wake-up call for all of us. With PM2.5 levels over 20 times the WHO limit and nearly half of Delhi's government employees working from home to curb emissions, the situation is dire but not hopeless. By taking practical steps, staying informed, and advocating for systemic change, we can all play a role in ensuring cleaner air. For now, stay indoors, mask up, and breathe easy!

If you or anybody you know are suffering from lung or breathing-related problems, consult an experienced pulmonologist as soon as possible!