Stomach Flu: Symptoms, Causes, Stage & Treatment

There are several types of viruses that can cause stomach flu. The most common ones are:

• Norovirus: This is the most common cause of stomach flu, especially in adults. It's highly contagious and can spread quickly in crowded or enclosed spaces such as cruise ships, nursing homes, and schools.
• Rotavirus: This is a common cause of stomach flu in children, especially those under the age of 5. It's highly contagious and can spread easily in daycare centres and schools.
• Adenovirus: This virus can cause respiratory infections as well as stomach flu. It's most common in children and can cause severe diarrhoea.
• Astrovirus: This virus can cause stomach flu in people of all ages. It's most common in infants and young children.

Other viruses that can cause stomach flu include calicivirus, sapovirus, and enterovirus.

Stomach flu, also known as viral gastroenteritis, is a common condition that can cause a variety of uncomfortable symptoms. These stomach flu symptoms are typically caused by a viral infection that affects the digestive system, and they can vary in severity depending on the individual and the specific virus causing the illness.

The most common stomach flu symptoms include:

Nausea and Vomiting

Nausea and vomiting are often the first symptoms of stomach flu. These symptoms can range from mild to severe and may last for several hours or days. In some cases, vomiting can be so severe that it leads to dehydration, which can be dangerous if left untreated.

Diarrhoea

Diarrhoea is another common symptom of stomach flu. It is characterised by loose or watery stools and can be accompanied by abdominal cramps or pain. Diarrhoea can also lead to dehydration if not managed properly.

Abdominal Pain and Cramps

Abdominal pain and cramps are common symptoms of stomach flu. These symptoms can range from mild discomfort to severe pain and may be accompanied by bloating or gas.

Fever

Fever is a common symptom of many viral infections, including stomach flu. It is characterised by an elevated body temperature, typically above 100.4°F (38°C). Fever is usually a sign that the body is fighting off an infection.

Headache

Headache is another common symptom of stomach flu. It may be caused by dehydration, fever, or the virus itself. Headaches can range from mild to severe and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea or fatigue.

Muscle Aches and Weakness

Muscle aches and weakness are common symptoms of stomach flu. These symptoms may be caused by dehydration, fever, or the virus itself. They can range from mild discomfort to severe pain and may affect the entire body or specific muscle groups.

Fatigue

Fatigue is a common symptom of many viral infections, including stomach flu. It is characterised by a feeling of exhaustion or weakness and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as headache or muscle aches.

In general, the symptoms of stomach flu can last for several days to a week, but they typically resolve on their own without any long-term complications. However, in some cases, the symptoms can be severe and may require medical attention. If you experience any severe symptoms such as dehydration, severe abdominal pain, or bloody diarrhoea, it is important to seek medical attention right away.

Stomach Flu Causes

There can be many stomach flu causes. Stomach flu, or viral gastroenteritis, is caused by several different viruses that affect the gastrointestinal tract. These viruses can be transmitted through contaminated food, water, or surfaces, or by direct contact with an infected person.

Norovirus

Norovirus is the most common cause of stomach flu in adults and is responsible for over 50% of all cases. It is highly contagious and can be spread through contaminated food or water, by touching contaminated surfaces or objects, or by coming into direct contact with an infected person. Norovirus can survive on surfaces for several days and is resistant to many common disinfectants, making it difficult to control.

Rotavirus

Rotavirus is a common cause of stomach flu in infants and young children but can also affect adults. It is highly contagious and is spread through contact with contaminated surfaces, objects, or faecal matter. Rotavirus can survive on surfaces for several days and is resistant to many common disinfectants, making it difficult to control.

Adenovirus

Adenovirus is a common cause of stomach flu in children but can also affect adults. It is spread through contact with contaminated surfaces, objects, or faecal matter, or by coming into direct contact with an infected person. Adenovirus can survive on surfaces for several days and is resistant to many common disinfectants.

Astrovirus

Astrovirus is a less common cause of stomach flu and is most often seen in children. It is spread through contact with contaminated food or water, or by coming into direct contact with an infected person.

Sapovirus

Sapovirus is a less common cause of stomach flu and is most often seen in children. It is spread through contact with contaminated food or water, or by coming into direct contact with an infected person. 

 Stomach flu, also known as viral gastroenteritis, is a common illness that affects people of all ages. While anyone can contract stomach flu, there are certain factors that can increase the risk of developing the illness. Understanding these risk factors can help individuals take steps to protect themselves and prevent the spread of the virus.

Age

Stomach flu can affect individuals of all ages, but infants, young children, and older adults are at higher risk of developing complications from the illness. This is because their immune systems may not be as strong as those of healthy adults, making them more susceptible to infection and more vulnerable to dehydration.

Weakened Immune System

Individuals with weakened immune systems are at higher risk of contracting stomach flu and developing complications from the illness. This includes individuals with chronic medical conditions, such as HIV/AIDS or cancer, or those who are taking medications that suppress the immune system.

Close Contact with Infected Individuals

Stomach flu is highly contagious and can spread easily through close contact with infected individuals. This includes household members, classmates, and co-workers. It is important to practise good hygiene and avoid close contact with infected individuals to prevent the spread of the virus.

Exposure to Contaminated Food or Water

Stomach flu can also be spread through exposure to contaminated food or water. This can occur when food or water is contaminated with the virus and is consumed by an individual. It is important to practise good food hygiene and avoid consuming food or water that may be contaminated.

Travelling to Areas with Poor Sanitation

Individuals who travel to areas with poor sanitation may be at higher risk of contracting stomach flu. This is because the virus can be spread through contaminated food or water in these areas. It is important to practise good hygiene and avoid consuming food or water that may be contaminated when travelling to these areas.

Living in Close Quarters

Living in close quarters, such as in dormitories or military barracks, can increase the risk of contracting stomach flu. This is because the virus can spread easily through close contact with infected individuals. It is important to practise good hygiene and avoid close contact with infected individuals in these situations to prevent the spread of the virus. 

There are several ways to prevent stomach flu, including:

• Washing hands frequently: Wash your hands with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds, especially after using the bathroom, before eating, and after being in contact with someone who is sick.
• Practise good food hygiene: Make sure to thoroughly cook meat, poultry, and eggs, and wash fruits and vegetables before eating them.
• Avoid sharing utensils or glasses: Don't share utensils or glasses with someone who is sick, and make sure to wash your own utensils and glasses frequently.
• Stay home if you're sick: If you have stomach flu, stay home from work or school until you're feeling better to avoid spreading the virus to others.
• Clean and disinfect surfaces: Clean and disinfect surfaces that may be contaminated with stomach flu virus, such as doorknobs, countertops, and bathroom fixtures.

 Stomach flu is usually diagnosed based on symptoms and a physical examination. In some cases, a stool sample may be collected and tested for the presence of the virus. Blood tests may also be performed to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms. 

Stomach flu can progress through several stages, including:

• Incubation period: This is the period between when the virus enters the body and when symptoms appear. It can range from a few hours to several days.
• Prodromal stage: This is the early stage of the illness, when symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea may begin.
• Acute stage: This is the most severe stage of the illness when symptoms may be at their worst. This stage can last for several days.
• Recovery stage: This is the period of time when symptoms begin to improve, and the body starts to recover. It can take several days to a week to fully recover from stomach flu.

There is no specific stomach flu treatment, and the virus usually resolves on its own within a few days to a week. However, there are several stomach flu remedies ways to manage symptoms and prevent complications, including:

• Rest: Get plenty of rest to help your body recover.
• Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids, such as water, clear broth, or electrolyte solutions, to replace fluids lost due to diarrhoea and vomiting.
• Eat small, frequent meals: Eat small, frequent meals of bland foods such as toast, crackers, and bananas to help settle your stomach.
• Avoid certain foods and drinks: Avoid caffeine, alcohol, dairy products, and spicy or fatty foods that can irritate your stomach.
• Take over-the-counter medications: Over-the-counter medications such as anti-diarrheal medications and pain relievers may help manage symptoms.

After recovering from stomach flu, it's important to take steps to prevent reinfection and avoid complications. Some tips for aftercare include:

• Practise good hygiene: Continue to wash your hands frequently and practise good food hygiene to avoid reinfection.
• Avoid close contact with infected individuals: Avoid close contact with people who have stomach flu until they have fully recovered.
• Stay hydrated: Continue to drink plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration
• Gradually reintroduce solid foods: After a few days of bland foods, gradually reintroduce solid foods into your diet.
• Follow up with your healthcare provider: If you have any concerns or symptoms persist, follow up with your healthcare provider.

How long does stomach flu last?

Stomach flu usually lasts for a few days to a week, depending on the severity of the illness.

Is stomach flu contagious?

Yes, stomach flu is highly contagious and can spread easily from person to person.

What should I do if I have stomach flu?

If you have stomach flu, it's important to rest and stay hydrated. Avoid close contact with others to prevent the spread of the virus.

How can I prevent stomach flu?

To prevent stomach flu, practise good hygiene, avoid sharing utensils or glasses, stay home if you're sick, clean and disinfect surfaces, and practise good food hygiene.

Can stomach flu cause complications?

Stomach flu can lead to complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and in rare cases, inflammation of the brain or other organs.

What are the symptoms of stomach flu?

Symptoms of stomach flu include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach cramps, fever, headache, and muscle aches.

What causes stomach flu?

Stomach flu is caused by a virus, most commonly norovirus or rotavirus.

Can I get stomach flu from food?

Stomach flu can be spread through contaminated food or water, but it's not a foodborne illness.

How is stomach flu treated?

There is no specific stomach flu treatment, but symptoms can be managed with rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications.

How long should I stay home if I have stomach flu?

If you have stomach flu, it's recommended to stay home from work or school until you have been symptom-free for at least 24 hours to prevent the spread of the virus to others.